Psoriasis is more than just a skin condition — it’s a chronic, often lifelong, inflammatory disease affecting an estimated two to six per cent of Australians. Characterised by thick, red patches of skin with silvery scales, it’s not only uncomfortable but can also be emotionally taxing.
Here’s everything you need to know about psoriasis, from what causes it to how it can be managed.
What is psoriasis?
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition where skin cells build up too quickly, creating those trademark red, scaly patches, often on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.
Unlike eczema, which can look similar, psoriasis has a unique skin ‘shedding’ effect due to overactive immune cells causing skin cells to regenerate at a breakneck pace – sometimes up to 10 times faster than normal.
What causes psoriasis?
Though the exact cause remains a bit of a mystery, we know it’s an autoimmune disorder with a genetic component. If you have a family member with psoriasis, your risk is higher.
Other potential triggers include stress, infections like strep throat, spending time in colder climates, cuts, insect bites, sunburn and lifestyle factors like smoking, drinking alcohol or having a poor diet.
Different types of psoriasis
There are several types of psoriasis, although it’s worth noting, none of them are contagious.
Plaque psoriasis: The most common form, creating thick, scaly patches.
Guttate psoriasis: Often appears in childhood or young adulthood, creating small, dot-like lesions.
Inverse psoriasis: Found in skin folds, such as under the breasts or in the groin, creating red, inflamed skin without scales.
Pustular psoriasis: Characterised by white pustules surrounded by red skin.
Erythrodermic psoriasis: A severe form, causing widespread redness and shedding that requires medical attention.
The most common symptoms of psoriasis
Psoriasis symptoms vary depending on the type but commonly include red patches of skin, silvery-white scales, itching, burning sensations, and dry, cracked skin that can bleed.
In some cases, nails may be affected, leading to pitting, abnormal growth, or discolouration.
Treatment options for psoriasis
While there’s no cure for psoriasis, treatments are aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing flare-ups.
Topical treatments
- Corticosteroids: Steroid creams or ointments are commonly used to reduce inflammation and slow skin cell growth.
- Vitamin D analogues: These are not the same as vitamin D supplements you might buy at the pharmacy. Available as a cream or ointment, this synthetic form of the vitamin slows the growth of skin cells, helping to smooth the skin.
- Coal tar: Often used for scalp psoriasis, it helps reduce itching and scaling and comes in various forms such as creams and shampoos.
Phototherapy
Light therapy is a common treatment, particularly for widespread or severe cases. It involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light, which can slow down skin cell production.
Prescription medications
- Methotrexate and cyclosporine: These suppress the immune system, slowing down the rapid skin cell production.
- Biologics: Biologic drugs target specific parts of the immune system. They can be expensive and while some are covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), you must meet the relevant criteria to be eligible.
Lifestyle changes
- Having a healthy diet: A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, like omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables, may help with symptoms.
- Lowering stress levels: Reducing stress through meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques can lessen the likelihood of flare-ups.
- Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol: Both can worsen psoriasis and impact treatment effectiveness.