Eczema might be a common skin condition, but anyone who lives with it knows there’s nothing ‘common’ about its impact. Affecting millions of Australians, eczema – also known as atopic dermatitis – can lead to itchiness, redness, dryness and cracking, as well frustration and pain.
But with the right care and routine, managing eczema and finding relief is possible. Here’s everything you need to know.
What is eczema?
Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, meaning it’s long-lasting and can flare up when triggered by certain conditions or lifestyle factors.
Eczema-prone skin is often dry, sensitive, and sometimes reactive to environmental triggers. You’ll generally spot it on the hands and feet, the arms, and on the back of knees, but it can also appear on the neck, in and around ears, or on the lips.
It’s common in both children and adults, but it can look different depending on your age, skin type, and even the climate you live in.
What causes eczema?
The exact cause of eczema isn’t entirely understood, but research suggests that genetics play a big role. If you have a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever, you’re more likely to develop it.
It’s also linked to immune system function. Essentially, the immune system of someone with eczema is overactive, which leads to inflammation in the skin. Environmental factors such as allergens, irritants, and even weather changes can also contribute to flare-ups.
What triggers eczema?
Flare-ups can happen anytime, but there are a few main triggers to be aware of including:
Irritants
Soaps, shampoos, detergents, and even scratchy fabrics can irritate eczema-prone skin.
Allergens
Dust mites, pet fur, pollen, and mould can set off eczema symptoms if you’re sensitive to them.
Weather
Extreme heat, cold, or dry air can lead to flare-ups, making it important to adjust your skincare routine according to the season.
Food
Certain foods, like eggs and dairy, can trigger symptoms in some people. It’s best to check in with a nutritionist or dietitian before cutting out whole food groups, however.
Stress
Emotional and physical stress can worsen eczema, which is why relaxation techniques like meditation and yoga can play a role in managing it.
How to manage eczema
While there isn’t a cure for eczema, a range of treatments and lifestyle changes can help keep symptoms under control and improve your quality of life.
1. Moisturise religiously
Keeping the skin moisturised is essential for eczema-prone skin. Look for fragrance-free moisturisers, and aim for those with ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or colloidal oatmeal. Apply immediately after showering or washing your hands to lock in moisture.
2. Apply a topical corticosteroid
For more severe flare-ups, topical corticosteroids prescribed by a doctor can reduce inflammation and ease itching. These are generally used for short periods due to potential side effects but can be highly effective.
3. Avoid triggers
If you know specific triggers (like certain foods, products, or even fabrics) that exacerbate your symptoms, try to limit your exposure to them. Keeping a journal can help track what might be worsening your eczema.
4. Ask your pharmacist about options
Non-prescription creams with hydrocortisone and antihistamines can provide relief for mild flare-ups but be sure to consult a healthcare provider before starting new treatments.
5. Explore prescription medication
For those with more severe eczema, doctors may recommend other treatments such as immunosuppressants or biologic drugs, which are designed to target the immune response that triggers eczema symptoms.
6. Make lifestyle changes
Stress management, a balanced diet, and a consistent skincare routine can all help keep eczema at bay. Reducing stress can lower the chances of flare-ups, so activities like yoga, meditation, or even just a good chat with a friend can make a big difference.
7. Book in to see a dermatologist
If your eczema is causing significant discomfort, pain, or impacting your daily life, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional. Dermatologists can offer guidance on stronger treatments, lifestyle adjustments, and ways to prevent eczema from progressing.
